|
In March of the 2000, FIU deployed the ALTM 1210
system in Miami-Dade County in order to test the
capabilities of the LIDAR system in a variety of
environments. These environments include wetlands
such as the Everglades, low and medium density
suburban communities, the urban core of downtown
Miami, and barrier island communities such as Miami
Beach.
The deployment consisted of an E-W trending transect
across the county and a N-S trending swath along
the barrier island beaches of Key Biscayne and Miami
Beach (Figure 1). The E-W transect consisted of 3 overlapping
400 meter wide swaths flown at an altitude
of 600 m above the ground surface. These swaths
were merged into a 1 km wide transect. The beach
consisted of 2 coincident 300 meter wide swaths flown
at an altitude of 500 meters. The irregularly spaced
point data were gridded to produce 1 m resolution
digital elevation models (DEMs) and LIDAR return
intensity grids.
Figure
1. Index map. The color swaths show the location
of ALTM data collected in Miami-Dade and Broward County in 1999
- 2000. The red boxes denote the locations of the LIDAR
images shown below. Pseudocolored LIDAR Images
The images demonstrate various ways for combining the LIDAR DEMs
and return intensity grids. For each image, either the elevation
or the return intensity was mapped to a color table. Texture
was provided by simulating shadows from the elevations or by mapping
the intensity values to brightness. Images were produced
with ERMapper image processing software. Click on the thumbnail
images below to view the high resolution images.
Figure 2. Pseudocolored LIDAR heights with sun shading. Colors
are proportional to the height. Reds correspond to high elevation. Texture
shading was produced by artificial sunlight to the northeast which
was applied to the elevation grid.
Figure 3. Pseudocolored LIDAR heights shaded with LIDAR intensity. Colors
are proportional to the height. Blues correspond to low elevation. Reds
correspond to high elevation. The bright band running down
the center of the image was caused by specular reflections off the
surface water directly beneath the aircraft. The eastern margin of the Everglades, Miami-Dade County, FL.
The
images show the eastern margin of the Everglades immediately south
of Tamiami Trail (US 41) and to the west of the L31 canal and levee
system. The highest features correspond to hardwood hammocks. These
hammocks are surrounded by partially flooded sawgrass. The
levee and canal form the eastern barrier to water flow out of the
Everglades water conservation area. The feature to the east
of the canal is the Krome Detention Center.
Figure 4. Pseudocolored LIDAR intensity with sun shading applied
to the elevations. Colors are proportional to reflection
intensity. Blues correspond to low reflection intensity. Reds
correspond to high reflection intensity. Florida International University Campus
Florida International University - Miami's public research university
- is one of America's most dynamic institutions of higher learning.
Since opening in 1972, FIU has achieved many benchmarks of excellence
that have taken other universities more than a century to reach.
The University has a nationally renowned full-time faculty, known
for their outstanding teaching and cutting edge research; students
from throughout the U.S. and more than 130 foreign countries; and
its alumni have risen to prominence in every field and are a testament
to the University's academic excellence.
A member of the State University System of Florida, FIU is a research
university offering a diverse selection of undergraduate, graduate
and professional programs. Through its 16 colleges and schools,
FIU offers more than 180 baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degree
programs in more than 280 majors, conducts basic and applied research,
and provides public service.
The images below show map and 3-D perspective views of the FIU
main campus (University Park) located at 11200 SW 8th Street,
in Miami,
FL.
Figures 5 and 6. Pseudocolored shaded relief images of the
FIU campus. Color is proportional to elevation with sun shading
calculated from a synthetic light source to the east. The campus
is bounded on the west by the Florida Turnpike and on the east by
SW 107th Avenue. Three-dimensional perspective image is viewed
looking northeast.
Figures 7 and 8. Pseudocolored LIDAR intensity with sun shaded
relief images of the FIU campus. Colors are proportional to
reflection intensity. Blues correspond to low reflection intensity. Reds
correspond to high reflection intensity.. This image demonstrates
the wide variety of ground reflectivity obtainable with LIDAR imagery. In
this image, low reflectivity regions (blues) generally correspond
to asphalt parking lots and lakes while high reflectivity regions
(reds) most often correspond to grass. Fisher Island
Fisher Iisland lies at the eastern end of the transect. It
is a 216 acre, private island which is separated from the southern
tip of Miami Beach by the Government Cut Channel. The island
was originally developed in the 1920s as a winter estate by the Vanderbuilt
family. It is named after Miami Beach pioneer developer Carl
Fisher.
Figure 9. Pseudocolored LIDAR elevations of Fisher Island
with sun shading. The highest elevations correspond to the
oil storage tanks on the north side of the island and the condominiums
on the south side of the island. Other notable features include
waves off the eastern shore of the island. The black region
in the center of the island is due to a data gap between adjacent
swaths.
Figure 10. Pseudocolored LIDAR elevations of Fisher Island
shaded with LIDAR reflection intensity. The highest elevations
correspond to the oil storage tanks on the north side of the island
and the condominiums on the south side of the island.
Figure 11. Pseudocolored LIDAR intensity with sun shading applied
to the elevations. Colors are proportional to reflection intensity. Blues
correspond to low reflection intensity. Reds correspond to
high reflection intensity. The highest reflectivity corresponds
to the grass on the golf course and to sand on the beach near the
southeastern shore of the island. The lowest reflectivity corresponds
to water and to asphalt tennis courts.
|
